place · L0250

Bavel בבל

The city on the Euphrates to which Nevuchadnetzar exiled Yehudah, and — by extension in Jewish usage — the whole Babylonian region between the rivers that became the Torah's second home. "Bavel" on this atlas's map is the anchor of the entire eastern diaspora column: the exile of 3327 AM planted there the community from which Sura, Nehardea, Pumbedita, and the Talmud Bavli itself would grow.

I. Who

Hebrew
בבל
Also known as
Babylon, Babylonia

III. Where

Modern location
Ruins of Babylon near Hillah, Babil Governorate, Iraq (also the name of the surrounding region)

V. How do we know

ClaimEvidenceConfidenceSources
Yirmiyahu's letter addresses "the whole community that I exiled from Jerusalem to Babylon," instructing them to build houses, plant gardens, and seek the peace of the city — the charter of a durable diaspora rather than a brief captivity. biblical ★★★★★
The city of Babylon is one of the most extensively excavated sites of Mesopotamia, its ruins lying near modern Hillah; cuneiform archives (including the Al-Yahudu tablets from the region) document Judean exiles settled in Babylonia in the sixth century BCE.
Coordinates are the excavated city; "Bavel" in rabbinic usage often means the region, not the city alone.
external archaeology ★★★★★

Referenced by: Galut Bavel