person · P0441 · second-temple
Shlomtzion שלומציון המלכה
Widow of Yannai and queen regnant of Yehudah for nine years — in rabbinic memory a golden age, when rains fell in their seasons "in the days of Shimon ben Shatach and the days of Shlomtzu the queen." Traditionally the sister of Shimon ben Shatach (Shimon ben Shatach), she restored the Pharisaic sages to the courts and council. The sole legitimate reigning queen in the atlas — Atalyah (Atalyah) being the usurper counterpart.
Who
- Hebrew
- שלומציון המלכה
- Also known as
- Salome Alexandra, Shelomtzion HaMalkah, Shlomtzu
- Era
- second-temple
- Spouses
- Alexander Yannai
- Children
- Hyrcanus II, Aristobulus II
When
- Traditional
- c. 3620–3693 AM (reigned 3684–3693)
- Civil (computed)
- 3620–3693 AM · 141–68 BCE
- Academic
- c. 141–67 BCE; reigned 76–67 BCE
- Lifespan (traditional)
- ≈73 years
- Precision
- approximate
Where
- Places
- Jerusalem
How do we know
| Claim | Evidence | Confidence | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| "In the days of Shimon ben Shatach, in the days of Shlomtzu the queen, rains would fall from Sabbath eve to Sabbath eve, until wheat grew like kidneys, barley like olive-pits, and lentils like golden dinars" — the halakhic midrash's image of her reign as covenantal blessing. | rabbinic | ★★★★☆ | |
| Josephus: Alexander left the kingdom to his wife Alexandra, trusting the people's regard for her; she made Hyrcanus high priest and, following Alexander's deathbed counsel, gave the Pharisees authority — they "had the power," she the name of sovereignty, for nine years.
Her kinship to Shimon ben Shatach is rabbinic tradition (see Berakhot 48a and Shimon ben Shatach), not in Josephus.
|
external | ★★★★☆ | |
| AM placement (reigned 3684–3693) is schematic: conventional Josephus-based dates mapped onto the atlas timeline at AM ≈ 3760 − BCE / 3760 + CE, consistent with the Second Temple's destruction at 3828 AM. The lifespan band is widened around the attested career. | reconstruction | ★★☆☆☆ |