person · P0130

Rabban Gamliel HaZaken רבן גמליאל הזקן

Grandson of Hillel and Nasi of the Sanhedrin in the generation before the destruction of the Second Temple — the first to bear the title "Rabban." He taught from the Temple Mount, issued enactments for the public good, and appears in Pirkei Avot urging: "Make for yourself a teacher and remove yourself from doubt." The Mishnah eulogizes that with his death "the honor of the Torah ceased."

I. Who

Hebrew
רבן גמליאל הזקן
Also known as
Rabban Gamliel I, Gamaliel the Elder
Era
tannaim
Generation
T1
Received the mesorah from
Hillel
Transmitted the mesorah to
Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel I
Children
Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel I

II. When

Traditional
c. 3770–3812 AM
Academic
c. 10–52 CE
Lifespan (traditional)
≈42 years
Precision
approximate

III. Where

Places
Jerusalem

V. How do we know

ClaimEvidenceConfidenceSources
Taught: "Make for yourself a teacher, remove yourself from doubt, and do not tithe by estimation." rabbinic ★★★★★
The Mishnah records that when Rabban Gamliel the Elder died, the honor of the Torah ceased, and purity and abstinence died. rabbinic ★★★★★
The New Testament presents Paul of Tarsus as having been educated "at the feet of Gamaliel," and depicts Gamaliel as a respected Pharisee in the Sanhedrin counseling restraint toward the early Jesus movement.
External (Christian) source; the identification with Rabban Gamliel HaZaken is widely accepted but rests on the New Testament alone — rabbinic literature does not mention Paul.
external ★★★☆☆
A baraita relates that when a Targum (Aramaic translation) of the Book of Iyov was brought before him on the Temple Mount, he instructed the builder to bury it beneath a course of masonry.
The Temple Mount setting identifies this Rabban Gamliel as the Elder; the same sugya has his grandson citing the episode.
rabbinic ★★★★☆
Traditional placement c. 3770–3812 AM (c. 10–52 CE), anchored to the baraita that Hillel, Shimon, Gamliel, and Shimon held the office of Nasi for the hundred years while the Temple still stood.
Schematic traditional dating.
tradition reconstruction ★★☆☆☆