institution · I0051
Kingdom of Israel ממלכת ישראל
The northern kingdom of the ten tribes, from the split under Yeravam ben Nevat to the Assyrian conquest of Shomron. Nine houses held its throne, most founded in blood — Baasha, Zimri, Omri, Yehu, Shallum, Menachem, Pekach, and Hoshea all took it by conspiracy. It is the most externally documented line in the atlas: Assyrian and Moabite royal inscriptions name six of its kings. Its rulers carry their reigns as roles here; kingship carries no received_from edges.
I. Who
- Hebrew
- ממלכת ישראל
- Also known as
- Northern Kingdom, Malchut Yisrael, Ephraim, Shomron
- Era
- bible
II. When
- Traditional
- 2964–3205 AM (from the split to the Assyrian exile of Shomron)
- Academic
- c. 931–722 BCE
- Duration
- ≈241 years
- Precision
- approximate
V. How do we know
| Claim | Evidence | Confidence | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| When all Israel heard that Yeravam had returned, they called him to the assembly and made him king over all Israel; none followed the house of David except the tribe of Yehudah alone. | biblical | ★★★★★ | |
| Omri bought the hill of Shomron from Shemer for two talents of silver and built the city that remained the kingdom's capital until its fall. | biblical | ★★★★★ | |
| The king of Assyria besieged Shomron three years, took it in Hoshea's ninth year, and exiled Israel to Assyria, settling them in Chalach, on the Chavor river of Gozan, and in the cities of Media; "Israel was exiled from its land to Assyria, to this day." This is the kingdom's endpoint, 3205 AM on the atlas timeline. | biblical tradition | ★★★★★ | |
| The Mesha Stele speaks of "Omri king of Israel" and his son, and Assyrian royal inscriptions for over a century call the kingdom Bit- Ḫumri, "house of Omri" — external witnesses to the kingdom, its capital, and its kings. | external archaeology | ★★★★★ | |
| The AM band is schematic: the northern kings' stated reigns, chained from the split at 2964 with sub-year reigns counted as zero, sum exactly to 3205 — matching Kings' own synchronism that Shomron fell in Chizkiyahu's sixth year (3199 + 6).
The cited sources establish relative chronology or regnal duration; they do not state the absolute AM range.
|
tradition reconstruction | ★★☆☆☆ |