event · E0004
Exile of the Ten Tribes גלות עשרת השבטים
The northern kingdom did not fall in a day. Assyria dismantled it in stages — first Tiglat-Pileser carried off Gilead and the Galil, then, after a three-year siege, Shomron itself fell and the remaining tribes were scattered across the Assyrian empire. Ten of the twelve tribes pass out of the mesorah's story here; from this point the chain of transmission runs through Yehudah alone.
I. Who
- Hebrew
- גלות עשרת השבטים
- Also known as
- Assyrian Exile, Fall of Shomron
- Era
- bible
II. When
- Traditional
- 3187–3205 AM
- Academic
- c. 733–722 BCE
- Date range
- c. 733–722 BCE (academic)
- Duration
- ≈18 years
- Precision
- approximate
V. How do we know
| Claim | Evidence | Confidence | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| In the days of Pekach ben Remalyahu, Tiglat-Pileser king of Assyria took Iyon, Avel Beit-Maachah, the Gilead, and the Galil — all the land of Naftali — and exiled them to Assyria: the first stage of the exile.
Confidence is for what the biblical text states. |
biblical | ★★★★★ | |
| In the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of Assyria captured Shomron and exiled Israel to Assyria, settling them in Chalach, Chavor on the Gozan river, and the cities of Madai — the end of the northern kingdom. | biblical | ★★★★★ | |
| Seder Olam's regnal framework for the last kings of Israel — Menachem, Pekachiah, Pekach, and Hoshea, with the Assyrian campaigns woven through them — yields the traditional span 3187–3205 AM for the staged exile.
Academic dating (c. 733 BCE for Tiglat-Pileser III's campaign, 722 BCE for the fall of Samaria, both anchored in Assyrian royal records) diverges from the traditional AM-to-BCE arithmetic by the same ~166-year Persian-period seam flagged at Destruction of the First Temple; the atlas positions the event by traditional AM.
|
tradition | ★★★☆☆ |